INTRODUCTION

Have you ever wondered how electric cars get from point A to point B? Is it essentially the same as an internal combustion engine but wired up to a giant battery or is there some altogether more subtle trickery afoot? In this article, you will know how exactly an electric engine works.

💡TABLE OF CONTENT

Tesla motor

THE PRINCIPLE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Picture of Subrandus Stratingh and his small electric vehicle
Picture of  Subrandus Stratingh
Surprisingly, the operating principle behind most modern electric vehicles predates the number of decades. In 1834, A Dutch professor named "Subrandus Stratingh" of Groningen Netherlands, built his small electric vehicle, The catch being its battery was non-rechargeable.
     Internal combustion engine work on the principle that fuel and air. When compressed and ignited causes a tiny explosion, and the combustion part of the explosive force pushes a piston in linear motion in concert with a team of fellow pistons transforming into rotary motion via a mechanical crankshaft, which in turn spins your wheel along the highway.
    The fundamental principles that drive electric cars are MAGNETISM. Almost everyone knows how opposing poles on a magnet attract and how like poles repel each other.

HOW ELECTRIC ENGINE WORKS

Let's imagine an experiment using two magnets, One is fixed the 
Half rotation
other is mounted on a rotating shaft. If the two poles are nearest to each other, On both magnets share the same polarity say north to north, the south pole on the shaft is aligned with the north pole of the fixed magnet whereupon the shaft will be our imaginary experiment. We've made the shaft turn a half rotation.

HOW ELECTROMAGNETISM PLAYS A BIG ROLE IN THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE.

Here is where electromagnetism enters our last assumed experiment in the last paragraph. In fixed or permanent magnets like the kind you have on your fridge at home, those magnetic poles are rigid and never change (north is always north and south is always south). On an electromagnet, however, which is essentially a core of metal coiled in electrical wires. This magnetic polarity can be reversed. Imagine one of our experimental magnets is now an electromagnet if the south pole quickly flips over to the north. The fixed magnet will yet again repel the moving magnet rotating our shaft, that's a whole spin, Now we're slowly getting there, For a basic illustration of how this polarity reversal works. Imagine, A very simple circuit involving a battery and a light bulb, An electron flow in one direction from the battery through the wires to the light bulb and back again to the battery. If we remove our battery from the circuit flip it (180°) degree then replace it in the circuit, those electrons will still flow around the circuit just in the opposite direction, either way, the bulb lights up. Electromagnet-like light bulb work in whichever direction the electrons are flowing but rather brilliantly the polarity of the magnet gets reversed with the flow of electrons so to keep our magnets in permanent repel mode we just need to keep reversing the polarity of the magnet.

HOW DO WE REVERSE THE POLARITY OF THE A MAGNET

    One way to reverse the polarity of a magnet would be to keep popping out the battery and flipping it around but that's a lot of trip to the mechanics of the Electric Vehicle. For the sake of a few feet of ground covered. So the real trick to making a magnet spin which is essentially how electric motors work is through the so-called INVERTER.

WHY DO WE NEED AN INVERTER

Inverter Module
Source: Tech vision
   First, let's talk about what an inverter is. The inverter is an electronic device that turns DC (direct current) into AC (alternating current. It is responsible for controlling the speed and torque of electric motors.
      In an electric vehicle, The inverter module on the electric vehicle draws direct current from the car battery and through a clever combination of quick switches slick circuits and capacitor flips the flow of electrons back and forth nearly 60 times. A second domestic electric motor like the one you have in your hair dryer doesn't require an inverter, why? Because the current that comes from your wall outlet already flips back and forth. That's why it's named Alternating Current or AC. Batteries of any type can only ever produce DC or Direct current, so a spinning magnet driven by alternating current passing through coils of the wire is essentially what drives electric cars.
     Electric-powered trains have several advantages over the internal combustion engine, For starters, the motion produced by the motor is already rotary. Dirty pistons require a complicated breakable crankshaft just to turn their linear motion into rotary motion. So electric cars are less likely to fail or require expensive time-consuming maintenance.

ANOTHER CLEVER THING ABOUT INVERTER

Here is another clever thing about that inverter, By adjusting the frequency and amplitude of its newly AC current, the vehicle speed and torque can be finally calibrated by its driver. There's no such fine control built into an explosively internal combustion engine which is why expensive and accident-prone additions like gearboxes are a tiresome necessity. Another nifty detail about any EVs powertrain is when a shaft-mounted magnet or rotor in engineering parlance is itself spun, It generates electricity, This reversal very handily recharges the car battery. How can the rotor be turned? with any source of kinetic energy like saying a breaking automobile which is handy.

CONCLUSION 
     This is to clear a very simple overview, there are different types of electric motors and refinements to the designs that are happening all the time. Not least at one particular Californian car company named for the 19th-century genius who discovered the magic of alternating current by himself, Nikola Tesla. What do you think? Will your next vehicle be an electric car, Let me know in the comment section and don't forget to follow us on our social media accounts.
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